Different Fabric Performs Used For Making Textile Composites

Fabric Performs with Textile Composites

In the technical textile manufacturing process we can see there are two varieties of composites and they are,

·         Fiber and resin composites

·         Fabric performs based composites

In previous questions I have explained how long and short fibers are used to create textile composites and in this question here I hope to explain different category of fabrics, properties and method and construction steps of composites.

To develop textile composites in the textile industry used 2D and 3D fabric structures. Under these two categories used knitted, woven, non-woven and braid fabrics to produce composites.

2D Fabrics

·         Woven Fabrics - Woven fabric has two interlacing points weft and warp based structure and woven fabrics are twofold and they are biaxial and triaxial weaving. Woven fabric has higher strength, higher breaking load, higher tearing points and dimensionally stable fabrics. Therefore applying glass or carbon composites, manufacturer can obtain lightweight and higher strength properties of produced composites. And it is commonly used to aerospace and marine applications.

·         Braided Textiles - Braided fabrics has inter combined two sets of yarns but not only woven, braided fabric has well analyzed axial yarns. And this types of textile material stronger than woven fabrics. Hence used for aircraft applications.

·         Knitted Fabrics - One set of yarns interloping is simply known as knitted structure. Knitted fabrics are basically formed by two basic techniques and they are weft knitting structures and warp knitting structures. Knitted garments haves specific properties such as high stretchability, bulky appearance, hygiene aspects. Therefore knitted composite application used some home applications and some cloth accessories.

Basically there are three types of manufacturing processes can be seen in the textile industry and they are resin transfer moulding process, wet lay-up process and vacuum bagging process.

3D Fabrics  

In the two dimension fabric, that we have seen only length and width in the fabric but in the three dimension textiles have length, width and specific depth.

Three Dimensional Woven Fabrics - In the technical textile industry, 3D woven fabrics play an important role in the development of advanced fiber reinforced composites. They are used as performed shapes redy for resin impregnation or as thick materials with structural integrity and, which when resonated have good interlayer shear strength and thereby outperform conventional laminated products. To produce three dimensional weaving fabrics there are two methods employed.

·         Interlaced 3D Fabrics – Non- interlaced 3D fabric requires three sets of yarns and they are a multilayer warp (z- direction), weft (x- direction) and a binder warp (y- direction).And following picture will represent that concept.

·         Non-Interlaced 3D Fabrics – Non- interlaced fabric requires three sets of yarns and these are a multilayer warp (z- direction), weft (x- direction) and   binder warp (y- direction). And following pictures will help to understand that concept.       

  

Orthogonal Nonwoven Fabrics- This is also non-woven category and development based fabric and it has higher strengths and mechanical properties after applying with composites. When we assumed basic cell of orthogonal nonwoven fabrics we can draw structure as below picture.

3D Knitted Fabrics – This type of fabric also formed with weft or warp knitting processes. With formation composites with 3D knitted fabrics can be increased strength and mechanical properties than 2D knitted composites and 3D knitted composites are stretchable than other 3D composite products. For example can be given 3D knitted and Aramid composite used for helmets and this product has best configure and best strength.

     

3D Braided Fabrics – 3D braided fabrics manufactured different methods such as intertwining, orthogonal, etc. Unique features can be explained as fabric can be formed over complex shaped mandrel, yarn feed on demand, improved fracture toughness, decreased sensitivity to holes, etc. braided composites have higher mechanical properties than woven composites. Construction step of 3D braided fabrics can be explained as given below picture.

  

List of references

Books:

·         Asian Textile Journal, September 2006, volume 15, no-7-9, Page 89-94

·         Non-Woven and Geotextile, January 1988

Web:

·         Google Inc (22.03.2017), Picasa Web Album [picasaweb.google.com]      

·         Google Inc (22.03.2017), Search Images [www.google.com]

·         Google Inc (23.03.2017), E-Books [www.google.com]

·  Comfe Designs (23.03.2017), 10 Things You Should Know About 3D Knitting   [cofedesigns.com]